1 00:00:09,230 --> 00:00:07,130 regulating water use it every day just 2 00:00:11,180 --> 00:00:09,240 like a real crew member would we do a 3 00:00:13,129 --> 00:00:11,190 calm delay based on our mission scenario 4 00:00:14,629 --> 00:00:13,139 appropriate label phase it and starting 5 00:00:16,519 --> 00:00:14,639 with maybe a five minute compliment one 6 00:00:18,590 --> 00:00:16,529 weight on the leg up to 18 minute one 7 00:00:21,830 --> 00:00:18,600 way Conda lay with the Mission Control 8 00:00:23,450 --> 00:00:21,840 support personnel we observed them 24-7 9 00:00:25,070 --> 00:00:23,460 just like you would be if you were on a 10 00:00:26,779 --> 00:00:25,080 real mission so they're looking at the 11 00:00:28,250 --> 00:00:26,789 psychological effects of the isolation 12 00:00:29,779 --> 00:00:28,260 and confinement they're looking at the 13 00:00:31,519 --> 00:00:29,789 heavenly what do they need in Saada 14 00:00:32,959 --> 00:00:31,529 module you're looking at the medical 15 00:00:34,729 --> 00:00:32,969 equipment that may be needed you're 16 00:00:35,810 --> 00:00:34,739 looking at annies have a physiological 17 00:00:37,780 --> 00:00:35,820 countermeasure that may need to be 18 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:37,790 introduced to keep the crew healthy and 19 00:00:40,910 --> 00:00:39,690 psychologically sound so that when they 20 00:00:42,889 --> 00:00:40,920 arrive at their destination they're able 21 00:00:43,970 --> 00:00:42,899 to perform the tasks at hand right so we 22 00:01:00,970 --> 00:00:43,980 need to answer all those questions to 23 00:01:05,280 --> 00:01:03,549 we're on a journey a journey that 24 00:01:09,010 --> 00:01:05,290 started with the dreams and 25 00:01:11,440 --> 00:01:09,020 determination of men and women around 26 00:01:14,140 --> 00:01:11,450 this nation a journey that set course 27 00:01:16,300 --> 00:01:14,150 from Florida's Space Coast a journey of 28 00:01:18,550 --> 00:01:16,310 real innovators from California's 29 00:01:20,590 --> 00:01:18,560 Silicon Valley a voyage of 30 00:01:22,990 --> 00:01:20,600 experimentation soaring above the 31 00:01:26,910 --> 00:01:23,000 Tidewater region and the high southern 32 00:01:30,160 --> 00:01:26,920 desert of California one of humankind's 33 00:01:32,440 --> 00:01:30,170 greatest adventures a magnificent 34 00:01:35,859 --> 00:01:32,450 journey that took vision from Texas to 35 00:01:40,300 --> 00:01:35,869 Ohio from Louisiana to Alabama and from 36 00:01:42,790 --> 00:01:40,310 all around this great nation the start 37 00:01:47,410 --> 00:01:42,800 of anything substantial begins with a 38 00:01:53,219 --> 00:01:47,420 dream from dreamers come documents and 39 00:01:59,770 --> 00:01:56,350 that moment of execution comes as the 40 00:02:03,389 --> 00:01:59,780 dream lights up and literally burst into 41 00:02:08,499 --> 00:02:06,550 welcome to NASA where every day at every 42 00:02:12,040 --> 00:02:08,509 NASA Center these dreams come true in 43 00:02:14,320 --> 00:02:12,050 offices cubicles hallways hangars and 44 00:02:17,589 --> 00:02:14,330 clean rooms on launch pads and cockpits 45 00:02:19,600 --> 00:02:17,599 at desktop observatories and continually 46 00:02:25,000 --> 00:02:19,610 for more than 15 years aboard the 47 00:02:29,990 --> 00:02:25,010 International Space Station investments 48 00:03:42,740 --> 00:02:38,010 you 49 00:03:47,180 --> 00:03:44,660 from the Baikonur cosmodrome in 50 00:03:50,600 --> 00:03:47,190 Kazakhstan the trio will spend six 51 00:03:52,040 --> 00:03:50,610 months on the space station NASA's 52 00:03:54,620 --> 00:03:52,050 associate administrator for Space 53 00:03:57,050 --> 00:03:54,630 Technology Steve Jurich was on hand for 54 00:03:59,600 --> 00:03:57,060 a recent media day at made and space 55 00:04:02,030 --> 00:03:59,610 incorporated an American based startup 56 00:04:04,880 --> 00:04:02,040 company located at NASA's research park 57 00:04:14,080 --> 00:04:04,890 at Moffett Field California a made in 58 00:05:14,820 --> 00:04:35,340 you 59 00:05:20,580 --> 00:05:18,330 coffee I went to that Marvel movie 60 00:05:23,010 --> 00:05:20,590 marathon where you literally sit in the 61 00:05:25,200 --> 00:05:23,020 theater and watch everything leading up 62 00:05:27,630 --> 00:05:25,210 to the Avengers yes age of Ultron like 63 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:27,640 the there's like 400 hours of footage 64 00:05:32,160 --> 00:05:31,180 and popcorn and I'm sorry I'm I'll we'll 65 00:05:33,750 --> 00:05:32,170 get it together because we have a 66 00:05:35,130 --> 00:05:33,760 jam-packed show Franklin we're gonna be 67 00:05:37,290 --> 00:05:35,140 talking about advanced exploration 68 00:05:39,690 --> 00:05:37,300 systems or eight yes yeah and one of 69 00:05:41,010 --> 00:05:39,700 those technologies is 3d printing that 70 00:05:43,260 --> 00:05:41,020 is actually up on the International 71 00:05:44,730 --> 00:05:43,270 Space Station Blair yes hey sport to go 72 00:05:46,170 --> 00:05:44,740 later and show you're gonna be talking 73 00:05:49,890 --> 00:05:46,180 with the in bell with the future 74 00:05:52,110 --> 00:05:49,900 engineers I am gonna be talking and in 75 00:05:53,880 --> 00:05:52,120 the meantime I had a chance to sit down 76 00:05:56,460 --> 00:05:53,890 with Jason cruise on who is the head of 77 00:05:57,720 --> 00:05:56,470 AES and he's gonna tell us all about the 78 00:06:02,030 --> 00:05:57,730 cool technologies coming out of his 79 00:06:05,180 --> 00:06:02,040 office let's check it out so Jason I 80 00:06:07,740 --> 00:06:05,190 understand that you're the q of NASA 81 00:06:10,020 --> 00:06:07,750 well that's an interesting reference in 82 00:06:12,090 --> 00:06:10,030 itself but it's a nice analogy if you 83 00:06:14,580 --> 00:06:12,100 think about Hugh was getting ready for 84 00:06:16,650 --> 00:06:14,590 bond to go up and do whatever mission he 85 00:06:18,810 --> 00:06:16,660 was being charged to do our group is 86 00:06:20,880 --> 00:06:18,820 much like that we're designing all the 87 00:06:23,670 --> 00:06:20,890 systems to send our crews off to explore 88 00:06:25,620 --> 00:06:23,680 deep space now within your portfolio or 89 00:06:28,170 --> 00:06:25,630 your technologies what are you trying to 90 00:06:29,370 --> 00:06:28,180 develop so a couple fundamental things 91 00:06:31,050 --> 00:06:29,380 you need to be able to get into space 92 00:06:32,970 --> 00:06:31,060 you need to be able to live in space and 93 00:06:34,710 --> 00:06:32,980 be productive when you're there so we're 94 00:06:36,780 --> 00:06:34,720 building a lot of the stuff that allows 95 00:06:38,310 --> 00:06:36,790 you to live in space so we are 96 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:38,320 developing some of the next generation 97 00:06:41,940 --> 00:06:40,510 habitation system so where's the home 98 00:06:44,340 --> 00:06:41,950 how people are going to live in that 99 00:06:47,130 --> 00:06:44,350 life support systems for it how are you 100 00:06:48,870 --> 00:06:47,140 going to handle logistics and management 101 00:06:50,700 --> 00:06:48,880 of that overall being able to live in 102 00:06:51,870 --> 00:06:50,710 space now i guess like let's say when we 103 00:06:54,090 --> 00:06:51,880 go to Mars one day we had the first 104 00:06:55,230 --> 00:06:54,100 humans on Mars the first thing that 105 00:06:57,210 --> 00:06:55,240 comes to my mind is going to be 106 00:06:58,950 --> 00:06:57,220 spacesuits absolutely so we're also 107 00:07:00,960 --> 00:06:58,960 advancing the new space suits 108 00:07:02,520 --> 00:07:00,970 technologies and spaces we see the other 109 00:07:04,740 --> 00:07:02,530 what you see on the space station today 110 00:07:07,170 --> 00:07:04,750 they go out they repair something they 111 00:07:08,760 --> 00:07:07,180 fix something to come back in on a trip 112 00:07:10,560 --> 00:07:08,770 to save Mars you're going to have 113 00:07:12,480 --> 00:07:10,570 potentially at the glau fix things along 114 00:07:13,830 --> 00:07:12,490 the way long duration there then when 115 00:07:16,350 --> 00:07:13,840 you get to the surface you want to go 116 00:07:17,790 --> 00:07:16,360 outside right now one of the cool apps 117 00:07:19,050 --> 00:07:17,800 we have here at NASA Johnson Space 118 00:07:21,450 --> 00:07:19,060 Center is the portable life-support 119 00:07:22,710 --> 00:07:21,460 system ventilation laboratory and that's 120 00:07:24,480 --> 00:07:22,720 where they are working on the spacesuits 121 00:07:26,760 --> 00:07:24,490 of the next generation correct yeah so 122 00:07:28,260 --> 00:07:26,770 the suit is made up of two parts the 123 00:07:28,530 --> 00:07:28,270 actual garment that you wear and then 124 00:07:34,650 --> 00:07:28,540 the 125 00:07:36,210 --> 00:07:34,660 we have has been very reliable however 126 00:07:38,490 --> 00:07:36,220 it's getting pretty old at this point 127 00:07:39,810 --> 00:07:38,500 there's a lot of new technologies that 128 00:07:42,210 --> 00:07:39,820 we want to actually incorporate in the 129 00:07:43,470 --> 00:07:42,220 backpack of the future for assembly in 130 00:07:45,330 --> 00:07:43,480 the space station or what we did on a 131 00:07:47,550 --> 00:07:45,340 shuttle you're working in zero gravity 132 00:07:48,870 --> 00:07:47,560 and near zero gravity so the weight of 133 00:07:50,460 --> 00:07:48,880 the suit didn't really matter as much 134 00:07:52,260 --> 00:07:50,470 the mass of the soup but when you get to 135 00:07:53,520 --> 00:07:52,270 a surface even though we're the reduced 136 00:07:54,780 --> 00:07:53,530 gravity of Mars you're still gonna have 137 00:07:56,100 --> 00:07:54,790 to carry around that wait so you're 138 00:07:58,230 --> 00:07:56,110 gonna need a lighter weight suit and 139 00:08:00,540 --> 00:07:58,240 also one that you can use more 140 00:08:02,190 --> 00:08:00,550 frequently and also the one that puts up 141 00:08:04,320 --> 00:08:02,200 with the environment the dust the rocks 142 00:08:07,680 --> 00:08:04,330 and all those kind of things when we did 143 00:08:09,750 --> 00:08:07,690 those short duration ebas during Apollo 144 00:08:11,580 --> 00:08:09,760 we only did a very few number of them 145 00:08:13,710 --> 00:08:11,590 and we were there on the surface of the 146 00:08:15,390 --> 00:08:13,720 Moon for a very short time Mars we're 147 00:08:16,590 --> 00:08:15,400 gonna be there for a long time mobility 148 00:08:18,360 --> 00:08:16,600 will probably be an issue you said 149 00:08:19,740 --> 00:08:18,370 weights an issue the flexibility of 150 00:08:22,260 --> 00:08:19,750 actually working in that environment 151 00:08:24,150 --> 00:08:22,270 would be a key factor correct yeah so a 152 00:08:26,160 --> 00:08:24,160 lot of the station assembly they 153 00:08:28,020 --> 00:08:26,170 optimized the suit to working on the 154 00:08:29,580 --> 00:08:28,030 space station so your work zones and 155 00:08:30,990 --> 00:08:29,590 such you're not picking up things off 156 00:08:33,030 --> 00:08:31,000 the ground you're not using hand tools 157 00:08:34,380 --> 00:08:33,040 and those kind of things instead you're 158 00:08:35,460 --> 00:08:34,390 turning bolts and all that so you have a 159 00:08:37,980 --> 00:08:35,470 different type of work that you're gonna 160 00:08:39,420 --> 00:08:37,990 be doing now is it something with that 161 00:08:41,159 --> 00:08:39,430 backpack is it something that you want 162 00:08:42,690 --> 00:08:41,169 to try to to miniaturize it they make it 163 00:08:44,910 --> 00:08:42,700 as small as possible but on the flip 164 00:08:46,440 --> 00:08:44,920 side you want as much oxygen the 165 00:08:47,910 --> 00:08:46,450 astronauts to breathe that this day out 166 00:08:50,070 --> 00:08:47,920 there for extended periods of time I'm 167 00:08:52,140 --> 00:08:50,080 sir yeah so you have this hard challenge 168 00:08:54,990 --> 00:08:52,150 of wanting to be out there as long as 169 00:08:56,970 --> 00:08:55,000 you can be out there and making it as 170 00:08:58,530 --> 00:08:56,980 lightweight as possible which is what 171 00:08:59,880 --> 00:08:58,540 most people can relate to if anybody's 172 00:09:01,290 --> 00:08:59,890 ever traveled you don't want to be 173 00:09:03,270 --> 00:09:01,300 carrying around a big heavy bag all the 174 00:09:04,470 --> 00:09:03,280 time either that's right it's true now 175 00:09:06,450 --> 00:09:04,480 where are some other cool technologies 176 00:09:08,130 --> 00:09:06,460 going on one of the problems we have is 177 00:09:09,780 --> 00:09:08,140 managing all the logistics if you're 178 00:09:11,820 --> 00:09:09,790 going to be gone on a trip and you pack 179 00:09:13,410 --> 00:09:11,830 your car and you need to figure out 180 00:09:15,390 --> 00:09:13,420 where everything is going to be in say 181 00:09:16,980 --> 00:09:15,400 your motorhome over the course of a 182 00:09:18,930 --> 00:09:16,990 couple years how are you gonna find all 183 00:09:21,540 --> 00:09:18,940 that stuff so what we're going to do is 184 00:09:23,850 --> 00:09:21,550 use next generation RFID nor what we 185 00:09:25,980 --> 00:09:23,860 call radiofrequency ID tags and what 186 00:09:28,470 --> 00:09:25,990 those allow you to do is wirelessly 187 00:09:31,170 --> 00:09:28,480 track in inventory where everything is 188 00:09:33,360 --> 00:09:31,180 inside of your beer make I mean that's 189 00:09:34,470 --> 00:09:33,370 actually makes sense because especially 190 00:09:36,810 --> 00:09:34,480 would take a look something like it's 191 00:09:39,030 --> 00:09:36,820 ISS where you probably have thousands 192 00:09:40,680 --> 00:09:39,040 and thousands of pieces equipment yes 193 00:09:42,410 --> 00:09:40,690 station and how you keep track of all 194 00:09:44,509 --> 00:09:42,420 that in on Space Station 195 00:09:45,680 --> 00:09:44,519 don't sometimes there are a number of 196 00:09:47,449 --> 00:09:45,690 items that we've lost on the space 197 00:09:49,550 --> 00:09:47,459 station and we have to potentially fly 198 00:09:51,829 --> 00:09:49,560 anyone up on the space station you have 199 00:09:53,960 --> 00:09:51,839 the additive benefit of the crews 200 00:09:55,220 --> 00:09:53,970 changing every six months so imagine if 201 00:09:56,180 --> 00:09:55,230 you were living in your house for six 202 00:09:57,980 --> 00:09:56,190 months you put everything where you 203 00:09:59,480 --> 00:09:57,990 wanted it to go somebody else comes up 204 00:10:02,000 --> 00:09:59,490 six months later and moves it all on you 205 00:10:03,590 --> 00:10:02,010 and then you come back again and nobody 206 00:10:04,879 --> 00:10:03,600 knows where everything went right so 207 00:10:06,410 --> 00:10:04,889 everything will have the equivalent of 208 00:10:08,360 --> 00:10:06,420 almost like a high-tech sticker that 209 00:10:09,980 --> 00:10:08,370 actually tracks every piece and you'll 210 00:10:11,360 --> 00:10:09,990 have different types of readers so you 211 00:10:13,160 --> 00:10:11,370 have readers that are in between modules 212 00:10:15,199 --> 00:10:13,170 so you can track when something moves 213 00:10:16,970 --> 00:10:15,209 from one module to another and you'll 214 00:10:19,550 --> 00:10:16,980 have other readers that may be handheld 215 00:10:21,829 --> 00:10:19,560 so you can scan your storage bags and 216 00:10:23,900 --> 00:10:21,839 figure out which bag and have folks here 217 00:10:25,400 --> 00:10:23,910 on the ground design it digitally right 218 00:10:26,689 --> 00:10:25,410 email the file up and then print out the 219 00:10:28,790 --> 00:10:26,699 part on orbit and how long is that 220 00:10:30,800 --> 00:10:28,800 process in terms of making a tool making 221 00:10:32,389 --> 00:10:30,810 a piece of technology so on station 222 00:10:34,280 --> 00:10:32,399 we've already printed over 20 some parts 223 00:10:36,139 --> 00:10:34,290 in fact you can print several parts per 224 00:10:52,400 --> 00:10:36,149 day whatever you want just on a single 225 00:10:55,130 --> 00:10:52,410 printer hey Frank Franklin what's the 226 00:10:57,710 --> 00:10:55,140 code for Q's lab you know I'm not quite 227 00:11:03,319 --> 00:10:57,720 sure but Travis he usually works for me 228 00:11:44,380 --> 00:11:03,329 hung up not really directions left right 229 00:11:48,170 --> 00:11:46,280 today we're at the additive 230 00:11:50,780 --> 00:11:48,180 manufacturing lab at the Marshall Space 231 00:11:53,450 --> 00:11:50,790 Flight Center and I'm talking with the 232 00:11:55,639 --> 00:11:53,460 3d printing and space project manager 233 00:11:58,360 --> 00:11:55,649 Nickey Werkheiser hey don't Nicki I am 234 00:12:00,949 --> 00:11:58,370 doing well thanks additive manufacturing 235 00:12:02,780 --> 00:12:00,959 exactly what is it so I did 236 00:12:05,510 --> 00:12:02,790 manufacturing is actually the kind of 237 00:12:07,460 --> 00:12:05,520 formal term for 3d printing traditional 238 00:12:08,810 --> 00:12:07,470 manufacturing is subtractive you have a 239 00:12:11,600 --> 00:12:08,820 material and you take away from it 240 00:12:13,490 --> 00:12:11,610 additive is any process really where you 241 00:12:15,949 --> 00:12:13,500 actually build the part that you're 242 00:12:18,410 --> 00:12:15,959 trying to create layer by layer so it's 243 00:12:20,540 --> 00:12:18,420 additive instead of subtractive 3d 244 00:12:21,949 --> 00:12:20,550 printing has been around for a low-fat 245 00:12:24,380 --> 00:12:21,959 that right now we're completely 246 00:12:27,620 --> 00:12:24,390 dependent upon launching from the ground 247 00:12:29,449 --> 00:12:27,630 to Space Station so being able to create 248 00:12:31,250 --> 00:12:29,459 what you need when you need it on these 249 00:12:33,699 --> 00:12:31,260 type of missions is really a critical 250 00:12:37,310 --> 00:12:33,709 enabler to sustainable affordable 251 00:12:40,490 --> 00:12:37,320 exploration missions well I've seen 3d 252 00:12:42,889 --> 00:12:40,500 printing work here on the ground but to 253 00:12:45,500 --> 00:12:42,899 get it in space what are the you know 254 00:12:47,240 --> 00:12:45,510 the technology hurdles that you have to 255 00:12:49,670 --> 00:12:47,250 get over to make sure it works the same 256 00:12:51,710 --> 00:12:49,680 way in space as it does here on earth 257 00:12:53,960 --> 00:12:51,720 right so those were actually our exact 258 00:12:55,640 --> 00:12:53,970 questions as a matter of fact it was 259 00:12:57,530 --> 00:12:55,650 back in night that we just launched it 260 00:12:59,240 --> 00:12:57,540 is the first 3d printer ever in space 261 00:13:01,430 --> 00:12:59,250 and we launched it on SpaceX for 262 00:13:03,620 --> 00:13:01,440 recently that's why it's called a 263 00:13:06,290 --> 00:13:03,630 technology demonstration now on the 264 00:13:08,560 --> 00:13:06,300 table right over here we have a replica 265 00:13:12,500 --> 00:13:08,570 of what is playing on the ISS right now 266 00:13:13,940 --> 00:13:12,510 exactly how does this 3d printer work so 267 00:13:15,260 --> 00:13:13,950 this first printer that we're flying 268 00:13:17,630 --> 00:13:15,270 we're actually operating in the 269 00:13:19,130 --> 00:13:17,640 microgravity science glovebox and that 270 00:13:21,829 --> 00:13:19,140 is because since this had never been 271 00:13:23,780 --> 00:13:21,839 done in space before we did not have all 272 00:13:26,840 --> 00:13:23,790 of the data for things like flammability 273 00:13:28,940 --> 00:13:26,850 and off gassing of the heated extruded 274 00:13:30,199 --> 00:13:28,950 material that we're printing with since 275 00:13:32,120 --> 00:13:30,209 then we've collected all that ground 276 00:13:35,360 --> 00:13:32,130 data and found that it's not it's going 277 00:13:42,230 --> 00:13:35,370 to be science back very soon te o Great 278 00:13:47,760 --> 00:13:45,600 what material is being used in the 279 00:13:49,500 --> 00:13:47,770 production of the parts that are going 280 00:13:50,760 --> 00:13:49,510 to be made on the ISS sure so for our 281 00:13:53,160 --> 00:13:50,770 first printer the technology 282 00:13:55,710 --> 00:13:53,170 demonstration we're actually using ABS 283 00:13:57,210 --> 00:13:55,720 plastic which is the same plastic if you 284 00:13:59,520 --> 00:13:57,220 see here this is a little piece of the 285 00:14:01,050 --> 00:13:59,530 filament and this is the same plastic 286 00:14:03,450 --> 00:14:01,060 that Legos are made out of for example 287 00:14:06,150 --> 00:14:03,460 the filament that we use is just like 288 00:14:08,070 --> 00:14:06,160 this in to be proposal for a recycler on 289 00:14:11,250 --> 00:14:08,080 how to take that 3d printed part and 290 00:14:13,070 --> 00:14:11,260 turn it back into usable feedstock Ricky 291 00:14:16,080 --> 00:14:13,080 what are the goals of this technology 292 00:14:18,210 --> 00:14:16,090 demonstration on the ISS so for the 293 00:14:20,580 --> 00:14:18,220 technology demonstration it really has 294 00:14:22,590 --> 00:14:20,590 two phases in the very first phase is 295 00:14:25,320 --> 00:14:22,600 specifically just to answer the question 296 00:14:27,150 --> 00:14:25,330 does the additive manufacturing or 3d 297 00:14:29,670 --> 00:14:27,160 printing process work in microgravity 298 00:14:31,500 --> 00:14:29,680 the same way it does on the ground so 299 00:14:35,730 --> 00:14:31,510 for the first phase will actually be 300 00:14:37,650 --> 00:14:35,740 printing utilization parts and a broad 301 00:14:40,170 --> 00:14:37,660 range and we're developing a utilization 302 00:14:43,260 --> 00:14:40,180 catalog you can have things like sample 303 00:14:45,240 --> 00:14:43,270 containers small hand tools replacement 304 00:14:47,250 --> 00:14:45,250 parts for exercise equipment or medical 305 00:14:49,170 --> 00:14:47,260 tools there's just a plethora of 306 00:14:51,120 --> 00:14:49,180 different areas and categories we're 307 00:14:54,150 --> 00:14:51,130 looking into but the thing there is to 308 00:14:56,820 --> 00:14:54,160 learn how to design these parts and 309 00:15:00,120 --> 00:14:56,830 build them in microgravity and to create 310 00:15:01,740 --> 00:15:00,130 kind of a certification process on Space 311 00:15:04,050 --> 00:15:01,750 Station what's going to happen in the 312 00:15:06,480 --> 00:15:04,060 next generation of 3d printing in space 313 00:15:08,250 --> 00:15:06,490 yes so so we're already working that and 314 00:15:10,200 --> 00:15:08,260 everything that we learn from this 315 00:15:11,940 --> 00:15:10,210 technology demonstration including what 316 00:15:14,160 --> 00:15:11,950 we've already learned from the design 317 00:15:15,960 --> 00:15:14,170 and the operations getting it ready for 318 00:15:17,940 --> 00:15:15,970 flight will feed into the next 319 00:15:20,190 --> 00:15:17,950 generation printer the really exciting 320 00:15:22,110 --> 00:15:20,200 thing about the next generation is that 321 00:15:23,420 --> 00:15:22,120 it's going to be a commercial printer 322 00:15:25,860 --> 00:15:23,430 it's called the additive manufacturing 323 00:15:27,630 --> 00:15:25,870 facility and it's being developed by the 324 00:15:30,540 --> 00:15:27,640 company made in space and they're out in 325 00:15:33,150 --> 00:15:30,550 Silicon Valley so it won't just be NASA 326 00:15:35,430 --> 00:15:33,160 or the government that has access to 3d 327 00:15:38,160 --> 00:15:35,440 printing parts in space it will be 328 00:15:38,550 --> 00:15:38,170 available for use by industry and a 329 00:15:40,870 --> 00:15:38,560 cadet 330 00:15:43,150 --> 00:15:40,880 small businesses large businesses that 331 00:15:45,220 --> 00:15:43,160 are interested in making something in 332 00:15:46,509 --> 00:15:45,230 space so I think it's very exciting to 333 00:15:49,240 --> 00:15:46,519 think about kind of opening that door 334 00:15:51,759 --> 00:15:49,250 and opening the door to the space 335 00:15:54,490 --> 00:15:51,769 station and able to manufacture parts in 336 00:16:01,900 --> 00:15:54,500 space to more people than just directly 337 00:16:03,519 --> 00:16:01,910 NASA this technology is awesome and I 338 00:16:05,110 --> 00:16:03,529 got to tell you guys in light of all the 339 00:16:06,670 --> 00:16:05,120 technology that we've seen in the show 340 00:16:08,079 --> 00:16:06,680 today I've got something a little 341 00:16:09,879 --> 00:16:08,089 special that I've worked up with the 342 00:16:15,400 --> 00:16:09,889 help of our good friend Jarvis we're 343 00:16:17,710 --> 00:16:15,410 going to talk to Deanne Bell hi Deann 344 00:16:20,230 --> 00:16:17,720 thanks for being on the show okay well 345 00:16:21,850 --> 00:16:20,240 we're rolling and we're good to go let's 346 00:16:24,280 --> 00:16:21,860 get started with a very important 347 00:16:27,310 --> 00:16:24,290 foundational question what exactly is 348 00:16:29,230 --> 00:16:27,320 the future engineers program great so 349 00:16:31,600 --> 00:16:29,240 future engineers is a program that was 350 00:16:33,759 --> 00:16:31,610 started to really inspire the next 351 00:16:35,590 --> 00:16:33,769 generation of innovators and explorers 352 00:16:38,230 --> 00:16:35,600 it's a website you go to future 353 00:16:40,629 --> 00:16:38,240 engineers org and there's all kinds of 354 00:16:44,019 --> 00:16:40,639 education resources and our website 355 00:16:47,530 --> 00:16:44,029 challenges students to create 3d model 356 00:16:49,509 --> 00:16:47,540 inventions for space the program is an 357 00:16:51,490 --> 00:16:49,519 American Society of Mechanical Engineers 358 00:16:53,680 --> 00:16:51,500 foundation program in technical 359 00:16:55,660 --> 00:16:53,690 partnership with NASA and it's really 360 00:16:58,059 --> 00:16:55,670 exciting our first challenge launched 361 00:17:00,280 --> 00:16:58,069 with the first zero gravity 3d printer 362 00:17:02,740 --> 00:17:00,290 that went to space and you know that's 363 00:17:04,480 --> 00:17:02,750 not the first and only challenge we have 364 00:17:05,829 --> 00:17:04,490 many more challenges in the pipe and 365 00:17:08,500 --> 00:17:05,839 we're constantly developing new 366 00:17:10,360 --> 00:17:08,510 challenges and new curriculum to really 367 00:17:12,640 --> 00:17:10,370 connect the excitement of space 368 00:17:14,620 --> 00:17:12,650 exploration and Space Research with the 369 00:17:16,809 --> 00:17:14,630 excitement of creating a 3d model and 370 00:17:19,809 --> 00:17:16,819 turning your idea into a 3d model 371 00:17:21,460 --> 00:17:19,819 reality recently you announce the winner 372 00:17:23,890 --> 00:17:21,470 for your first future engineers 373 00:17:26,079 --> 00:17:23,900 challenge what did that first challenge 374 00:17:27,819 --> 00:17:26,089 involve the first challenge we challenge 375 00:17:29,980 --> 00:17:27,829 students to create a space tool for 376 00:17:31,780 --> 00:17:29,990 astronauts and we had so many different 377 00:17:34,720 --> 00:17:31,790 submissions from all corners of the 378 00:17:37,240 --> 00:17:34,730 country and ultimately we chose ten 379 00:17:40,570 --> 00:17:37,250 semi-finalists in each age group we had 380 00:17:42,130 --> 00:17:40,580 two age groups under 13 and over 13 that 381 00:17:44,260 --> 00:17:42,140 are enrolled in a k through 12 school 382 00:17:45,760 --> 00:17:44,270 and our winner in the 383 00:17:48,430 --> 00:17:45,770 juniors age group his name's Sydney 384 00:17:51,550 --> 00:17:48,440 Vernon and she designed a space planter 385 00:17:53,320 --> 00:17:51,560 to grow a seedling in space our winner 386 00:17:55,720 --> 00:17:53,330 of our teen division his name is Robert 387 00:17:58,060 --> 00:17:55,730 hylan based in enterprise Alabama and he 388 00:18:00,190 --> 00:17:58,070 designed something called the MPN tea 389 00:18:02,080 --> 00:18:00,200 it's the multipurpose precision 390 00:18:04,210 --> 00:18:02,090 maintenance tool and he basically took 391 00:18:06,130 --> 00:18:04,220 like a gajillion different tools and put 392 00:18:08,620 --> 00:18:06,140 it all into one to be 3d printed on 393 00:18:10,390 --> 00:18:08,630 station and the excitement is that one 394 00:18:13,090 --> 00:18:10,400 actually is getting 3d printed on 395 00:18:15,460 --> 00:18:13,100 station what's next for future engineers 396 00:18:17,500 --> 00:18:15,470 there is so much excitement going on 397 00:18:20,500 --> 00:18:17,510 with the future engineers program we are 398 00:18:23,050 --> 00:18:20,510 growing we are always in the process of 399 00:18:24,700 --> 00:18:23,060 developing new challenges this program 400 00:18:26,710 --> 00:18:24,710 wasn't just one challenge with that 401 00:18:28,420 --> 00:18:26,720 first printer that went up we're really 402 00:18:30,190 --> 00:18:28,430 focused on a multi-year endeavor of 403 00:18:32,020 --> 00:18:30,200 getting students creating their 404 00:18:35,080 --> 00:18:32,030 inventions and 3d model like them in the 405 00:18:37,030 --> 00:18:35,090 computer every challenge that future 406 00:18:38,650 --> 00:18:37,040 engineers issues in partnership with 407 00:18:41,500 --> 00:18:38,660 NASA is going to be centered around 408 00:18:44,020 --> 00:18:41,510 research that's going on at NASA so it's 409 00:18:45,460 --> 00:18:44,030 a really great opportunity to pair all 410 00:18:47,920 --> 00:18:45,470 the excitement and all the different 411 00:18:50,110 --> 00:18:47,930 areas of natural research with k12 412 00:18:52,780 --> 00:18:50,120 programs to connect it with students in 413 00:18:54,340 --> 00:18:52,790 the classrooms how can students and 414 00:18:57,130 --> 00:18:54,350 future engineers get involved with the 415 00:18:59,890 --> 00:18:57,140 Avengers initiative but future 416 00:19:01,410 --> 00:18:59,900 challenges its future challenges how can 417 00:19:04,120 --> 00:19:01,420 they get involved in future challenges 418 00:19:06,850 --> 00:19:04,130 right so you can get involved just by 419 00:19:08,590 --> 00:19:06,860 going to future engineers org the site's 420 00:19:10,960 --> 00:19:08,600 more than just a place to register and 421 00:19:13,000 --> 00:19:10,970 submit a model there's all kinds of cool 422 00:19:15,160 --> 00:19:13,010 fun goodies to explore there's videos 423 00:19:17,460 --> 00:19:15,170 about how to get started in 3d modeling 424 00:19:20,680 --> 00:19:17,470 how to learn about 3d modeling concepts 425 00:19:23,320 --> 00:19:20,690 there's also all kinds of space science 426 00:19:24,640 --> 00:19:23,330 videos there's different animated 427 00:19:27,850 --> 00:19:24,650 science lessons that you can learn about 428 00:19:30,760 --> 00:19:27,860 microgravity about how Rockets resupply 429 00:19:32,320 --> 00:19:30,770 the ISS there's all kinds of content 430 00:19:35,020 --> 00:19:32,330 there to explore so I strongly encourage 431 00:19:36,580 --> 00:19:35,030 students to go there to just just dive 432 00:19:39,620 --> 00:19:36,590 into the site and look at all the 433 00:19:41,660 --> 00:19:39,630 resources that we've curated for them 434 00:19:47,180 --> 00:19:41,670 thanks Deanne and thanks future 435 00:19:49,460 --> 00:19:47,190 engineers thank you you guys think dude 436 00:19:52,160 --> 00:19:49,470 that might very well have been the best 437 00:19:54,260 --> 00:19:52,170 interview you've ever done Franklin I 438 00:19:57,860 --> 00:19:54,270 really appreciate that thanks so much as 439 00:20:12,359 --> 00:19:57,870 good as an Asgardian God or that's 440 00:20:19,419 --> 00:20:15,609 what's up come on man and outside look 441 00:20:22,239 --> 00:20:19,429 at all things NASA we lost a whole day 442 00:20:25,749 --> 00:20:22,249 because you were sleep next time just 443 00:20:27,820 --> 00:20:25,759 see one film and one film does this to 444 00:20:29,259 --> 00:20:27,830 us all the time all the time we have to 445 00:20:31,749 --> 00:20:29,269 shoot the wrong morning it was good not 446 00:20:34,690 --> 00:20:31,759 are you okay not a me right dude next 447 00:20:36,879 --> 00:20:34,700 time bring you a game get some sleep and 448 00:20:40,450 --> 00:20:36,889 by the way you blew it with the 449 00:21:33,830 --> 00:20:40,460 adventures question here's question and 450 00:21:38,940 --> 00:21:36,660 hi I'm Jenny davao lights and i am the 451 00:21:51,080 --> 00:21:38,950 Morpheus Lander test conductor and 452 00:21:56,340 --> 00:21:53,940 Morpheus is the world's first prototype 453 00:21:58,560 --> 00:21:56,350 Lander with liquid oxygen liquid methane 454 00:22:00,510 --> 00:21:58,570 propulsion one of the really exciting 455 00:22:02,370 --> 00:22:00,520 aspects of this project is that it's a 456 00:22:07,790 --> 00:22:02,380 rocket and it flies and we get to light 457 00:22:12,780 --> 00:22:10,560 from a team development perspective 458 00:22:15,240 --> 00:22:12,790 there's a group of us that designed 459 00:22:16,620 --> 00:22:15,250 built and flew this vehicle that's not 460 00:22:19,020 --> 00:22:16,630 an opportunity that you get every day so 461 00:22:20,280 --> 00:22:19,030 that was always a very exciting thing to 462 00:22:22,200 --> 00:22:20,290 be able to do but the long-term 463 00:22:24,030 --> 00:22:22,210 implications of it for the journey to 464 00:22:25,500 --> 00:22:24,040 Mars are even more important the 465 00:22:26,820 --> 00:22:25,510 technologies that we're testing we're 466 00:22:28,830 --> 00:22:26,830 trying to enable the types of 467 00:22:30,570 --> 00:22:28,840 capabilities that were going to need 468 00:22:32,790 --> 00:22:30,580 down the road in order to get humans to 469 00:22:34,580 --> 00:22:32,800 Mars and back safely and one of the 470 00:22:37,140 --> 00:22:34,590 important things is the integration of 471 00:22:38,820 --> 00:22:37,150 oxygen and methane with the rest of the 472 00:22:40,620 --> 00:22:38,830 system something very important about 473 00:22:42,420 --> 00:22:40,630 going to Mars is that you only have what 474 00:22:44,220 --> 00:22:42,430 you can take with you or what you can 475 00:22:46,920 --> 00:22:44,230 make on the surface you look at Mars 476 00:22:49,110 --> 00:22:46,930 it's very dry but you can extract water 477 00:22:51,540 --> 00:22:49,120 from the Martian soil you can also 478 00:22:53,370 --> 00:22:51,550 create methane to fill the tanks of your 479 00:22:54,570 --> 00:22:53,380 asset and vehicle and that's why part of 480 00:24:04,730 --> 00:22:54,580 what we did that Morpheus was so 481 00:24:12,490 --> 00:24:08,010 it is often said that the only thing 482 00:24:12,500 --> 00:24:18,300 that is as true at NASA as anywhere else 483 00:24:23,170 --> 00:24:21,550 but the men and women of NASA generally 484 00:24:26,170 --> 00:24:23,180 see changed differently than others 485 00:24:30,470 --> 00:24:26,180 because their life's work is all about 486 00:24:35,390 --> 00:24:32,960 through their tireless efforts these 487 00:24:38,060 --> 00:24:35,400 talented professionals move past the 488 00:24:40,760 --> 00:24:38,070 status quo every day and help us 489 00:24:43,370 --> 00:24:40,770 understand and change our world for the 490 00:24:45,799 --> 00:24:43,380 better but even though changes part of 491 00:24:48,830 --> 00:24:45,809 their job requirement the people of NASA 492 00:24:51,320 --> 00:24:48,840 understand that all projects eventually 493 00:24:53,539 --> 00:24:51,330 come to an end and they will have to 494 00:24:56,510 --> 00:24:53,549 transition from one assignment and get 495 00:24:58,850 --> 00:24:56,520 ready for their next challenge that 496 00:25:01,130 --> 00:24:58,860 transition is beginning to happen now 497 00:25:04,490 --> 00:25:01,140 for the members of the environmentally 498 00:25:06,680 --> 00:25:04,500 responsible aviation project after six 499 00:25:09,260 --> 00:25:06,690 long years of study team members are 500 00:25:11,480 --> 00:25:09,270 closing the books on the ER a research 501 00:25:13,190 --> 00:25:11,490 project that has provided so much new 502 00:25:16,549 --> 00:25:13,200 information about how future aircraft 503 00:25:19,340 --> 00:25:16,559 will fly this team has worked diligently 504 00:25:22,010 --> 00:25:19,350 over the past half decade to reduce 505 00:25:24,890 --> 00:25:22,020 aircraft drag by eight percent reduce 506 00:25:27,080 --> 00:25:24,900 aircraft weight by ten percent reduce 507 00:25:29,690 --> 00:25:27,090 engine specific fuel consumption by 508 00:25:32,299 --> 00:25:29,700 fifteen percent produce oxides of 509 00:25:35,840 --> 00:25:32,309 nitrogen emissions of the engine by 75 510 00:25:38,600 --> 00:25:35,850 percent and to reduce aircraft noise by 511 00:25:41,450 --> 00:25:38,610 18 compared with current standards all 512 00:25:43,789 --> 00:25:41,460 by the year twenty twenty-five these 513 00:25:46,340 --> 00:25:43,799 were stretch goals to be sure but not 514 00:25:50,900 --> 00:25:46,350 surprisingly their efforts have paid off 515 00:25:52,850 --> 00:25:50,910 for all of us today on nasa x we will 516 00:25:55,190 --> 00:25:52,860 look at part two of this two-part 517 00:25:58,159 --> 00:25:55,200 program that has explored the work done 518 00:26:00,409 --> 00:25:58,169 by the ER 18 we will look back at some 519 00:26:02,240 --> 00:26:00,419 of their early work while also looking 520 00:26:04,880 --> 00:26:02,250 at what some of the finished products 521 00:26:06,950 --> 00:26:04,890 look like we will see how nasa and 522 00:26:09,409 --> 00:26:06,960 industry have worked together to improve 523 00:26:11,990 --> 00:26:09,419 the state of the art for aircraft design 524 00:26:15,060 --> 00:26:12,000 and we'll find out about promising new 525 00:26:17,919 --> 00:26:15,070 ideas that have come out of this work 526 00:26:40,649 --> 00:26:17,929 finally we will bid farewell to the team 527 00:26:45,850 --> 00:26:44,110 created in 2009 as part of NASA's 528 00:26:48,130 --> 00:26:45,860 Aeronautics research mission 529 00:26:50,860 --> 00:26:48,140 directorates integrated systems research 530 00:26:53,409 --> 00:26:50,870 program the environmentally responsible 531 00:26:55,720 --> 00:26:53,419 aviation project was tasked with 532 00:26:58,049 --> 00:26:55,730 exploring and documenting the 533 00:27:00,539 --> 00:26:58,059 feasibility of vehicle concepts and 534 00:27:03,539 --> 00:27:00,549 enabling technologies to reduce 535 00:27:06,159 --> 00:27:03,549 Aviation's impact on the environment 536 00:27:08,289 --> 00:27:06,169 aircraft have benefited greatly by the 537 00:27:10,620 --> 00:27:08,299 work done by NASA engineers over the 538 00:27:13,870 --> 00:27:10,630 decades but with changes in technology 539 00:27:18,840 --> 00:27:13,880 NASA knew that much more could still be 540 00:27:22,120 --> 00:27:18,850 done the ER a project was organized to 541 00:27:24,460 --> 00:27:22,130 mature promising technology and advanced 542 00:27:27,399 --> 00:27:24,470 aircraft configurations that meet mid 543 00:27:30,130 --> 00:27:27,409 term goals for community noise reduce 544 00:27:33,519 --> 00:27:30,140 fuel burn and nitrogen oxide or NOx 545 00:27:35,500 --> 00:27:33,529 emissions they were also tasked with 546 00:27:37,539 --> 00:27:35,510 determining the potential impact of 547 00:27:39,519 --> 00:27:37,549 these advanced aircraft designs and 548 00:27:43,860 --> 00:27:39,529 technologies into the air transportation 549 00:27:46,150 --> 00:27:43,870 system they have done all this and more 550 00:27:48,670 --> 00:27:46,160 the solutions that they have achieved 551 00:27:50,980 --> 00:27:48,680 will undoubtedly reduce fuel consumption 552 00:27:53,680 --> 00:27:50,990 by up to several percentage points for 553 00:27:56,680 --> 00:27:53,690 the aircraft community that may not 554 00:27:59,230 --> 00:27:56,690 sound like much but shaving aircraft 555 00:28:02,080 --> 00:27:59,240 fuel consumption even a few percentage 556 00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:02,090 points can save millions of dollars and 557 00:28:07,390 --> 00:28:04,250 help protect the environment from 558 00:28:09,430 --> 00:28:07,400 harmful emissions one area that the team 559 00:28:11,890 --> 00:28:09,440 focused on heavily to meet these goals 560 00:28:14,140 --> 00:28:11,900 was to develop in collaboration with 561 00:28:16,690 --> 00:28:14,150 their industry partners a new type of 562 00:28:19,810 --> 00:28:16,700 aircraft call the hybrid wing body 563 00:28:22,210 --> 00:28:19,820 concept NASA planners did early wind 564 00:28:24,850 --> 00:28:22,220 tunnel tests and scale model tests with 565 00:28:27,430 --> 00:28:24,860 great success the final phase of this 566 00:28:29,980 --> 00:28:27,440 testing is being done here at NASA Ames 567 00:28:33,130 --> 00:28:29,990 Research Center's 40 x 80 tunnel in 568 00:28:35,830 --> 00:28:33,140 California the in fact is actually home 569 00:28:37,300 --> 00:28:35,840 to two interconnected wind tunnels one 570 00:28:41,260 --> 00:28:37,310 Test section the world's largest 571 00:28:43,510 --> 00:28:41,270 measures 80 feet tall by 120 feet wide 572 00:28:46,510 --> 00:28:43,520 the other one the world's second largest 573 00:28:49,780 --> 00:28:46,520 has a test section that measures 40 feet 574 00:28:52,090 --> 00:28:49,790 tall by 80 feet wide this full-scale 575 00:28:54,820 --> 00:28:52,100 tunnel has been used since world war two 576 00:28:57,190 --> 00:28:54,830 and has helped perfect numerous aircraft 577 00:28:59,980 --> 00:28:57,200 designs and is now being used to help 578 00:29:03,610 --> 00:28:59,990 with this unique aircraft here is Kevin 579 00:29:08,050 --> 00:29:03,620 James from NASA Ames to explain if you 580 00:29:10,480 --> 00:29:08,060 take an airplane from say 1950 1952 an 581 00:29:12,430 --> 00:29:10,490 airplane from say today and you lay them 582 00:29:14,800 --> 00:29:12,440 on top of each other they have almost 583 00:29:17,950 --> 00:29:14,810 exactly the same outline there's been a 584 00:29:18,730 --> 00:29:17,960 lot of improvements but as we start 585 00:29:20,320 --> 00:29:18,740 looking for something that's 586 00:29:22,000 --> 00:29:20,330 dramatically different where you're 587 00:29:26,290 --> 00:29:22,010 really going to make improvements in 588 00:29:28,549 --> 00:29:26,300 fuel economy fuel emissions and 589 00:29:30,710 --> 00:29:28,559 acoustics a community 590 00:29:33,139 --> 00:29:30,720 and the impact we have on how people 591 00:29:34,930 --> 00:29:33,149 live their lives we have to keep looking 592 00:29:38,869 --> 00:29:34,940 and sometimes think outside of the box 593 00:29:42,649 --> 00:29:38,879 so this is this is a hybrid blended wing 594 00:29:45,529 --> 00:29:42,659 body we call the generic airplanes of 595 00:29:46,820 --> 00:29:45,539 today tuvan wings and it sort of makes 596 00:29:48,560 --> 00:29:46,830 sense because there's just a big ol tube 597 00:29:50,600 --> 00:29:48,570 with a bling on it and we all just go 598 00:29:52,039 --> 00:29:50,610 along for the ride what we've done here 599 00:29:56,350 --> 00:29:52,049 is we've actually taken that too and 600 00:29:59,919 --> 00:29:56,360 with the abilities that we've had in 601 00:30:02,690 --> 00:29:59,929 improvements in structures and materials 602 00:30:04,700 --> 00:30:02,700 specifically composites we can now go 603 00:30:06,440 --> 00:30:04,710 from a tube shape to more of an 604 00:30:08,480 --> 00:30:06,450 elongated shape because the pressure 605 00:30:10,340 --> 00:30:08,490 vessel wants to be tube and we want to 606 00:30:11,810 --> 00:30:10,350 kind of stretch it a little well when we 607 00:30:14,239 --> 00:30:11,820 stretch it and then we blend the wings 608 00:30:17,060 --> 00:30:14,249 into it we get this hybrid blended wing 609 00:30:19,249 --> 00:30:17,070 body airplane and through very careful 610 00:30:21,230 --> 00:30:19,259 control of weight and very careful 611 00:30:23,480 --> 00:30:21,240 configuration control including how you 612 00:30:25,159 --> 00:30:23,490 put the engines on it we have 613 00:30:27,350 --> 00:30:25,169 significant improvements in fuel burn 614 00:30:31,129 --> 00:30:27,360 and also very significant improvements 615 00:30:33,379 --> 00:30:31,139 in noise arm was a fifty percent 616 00:30:38,869 --> 00:30:33,389 reduction in fuel burn gate to gate and 617 00:30:41,930 --> 00:30:38,879 a 42 DB decibel or reduction noise in 618 00:30:45,710 --> 00:30:41,940 accumulative fashioned from a 1999 619 00:30:49,820 --> 00:30:45,720 target airplane where we ended up was 620 00:30:51,259 --> 00:30:49,830 really really close we made over 621 00:30:54,489 --> 00:30:51,269 forty-eight percent improvement in fuel 622 00:30:57,169 --> 00:30:54,499 burn so missed it by just that much and 623 00:30:58,520 --> 00:30:57,179 really close to the four it were at work 624 00:31:00,980 --> 00:30:58,530 40 DB down 625 00:31:03,530 --> 00:31:00,990 phew motive but a good way to keep in 626 00:31:06,650 --> 00:31:03,540 mind what it really means is every 6 627 00:31:10,010 --> 00:31:06,660 decibels of change is a doubling of the 628 00:31:12,110 --> 00:31:10,020 noise our perception of the noise so 629 00:31:15,380 --> 00:31:12,120 when we start talking about numbers like 630 00:31:17,840 --> 00:31:15,390 42 DB down even if it's cumulative that 631 00:31:19,670 --> 00:31:17,850 is a huge improvement what that really 632 00:31:21,620 --> 00:31:19,680 is in terms of quality of life for 633 00:31:24,140 --> 00:31:21,630 people in the cities especially around 634 00:31:26,300 --> 00:31:24,150 airports is a is a significant 635 00:31:29,710 --> 00:31:26,310 improvement to what they've come to 636 00:31:32,270 --> 00:31:29,720 expect it's been a lot of hard work 637 00:31:35,200 --> 00:31:32,280 there's always frustrations but that's 638 00:31:38,480 --> 00:31:35,210 kind of what makes the job fun sometimes 639 00:31:41,000 --> 00:31:38,490 in solving the challenges we have worked 640 00:31:43,460 --> 00:31:41,010 with some phenomenally good people it is 641 00:31:46,610 --> 00:31:43,470 just it is we were really truly blessed 642 00:31:52,870 --> 00:31:46,620 nASA has hands down the best people on 643 00:31:57,650 --> 00:31:52,880 the planet just really good people smart 644 00:32:00,620 --> 00:31:57,660 interactive social full of good ideas 645 00:32:02,630 --> 00:32:00,630 and wanting to solve problems it has 646 00:32:06,350 --> 00:32:02,640 been a lot of fun seeing the pieces all 647 00:32:08,600 --> 00:32:06,360 come together and ER a was laid out in a 648 00:32:10,400 --> 00:32:08,610 really kind of a very slick way you've 649 00:32:11,750 --> 00:32:10,410 got the vehicle in the systems 650 00:32:13,820 --> 00:32:11,760 integration you've got you know 651 00:32:16,820 --> 00:32:13,830 structures and got the end engine and 652 00:32:19,910 --> 00:32:16,830 propulsion and again to meet the stated 653 00:32:22,340 --> 00:32:19,920 goals all three legs had to deliver and 654 00:32:26,210 --> 00:32:22,350 as we get to the end of the program it 655 00:32:28,100 --> 00:32:26,220 is just incredible seeing the progress 656 00:32:30,290 --> 00:32:28,110 that was made and the deliverables that 657 00:32:33,140 --> 00:32:30,300 we're getting from all of the components 658 00:32:35,330 --> 00:32:33,150 and as they come together you see that 659 00:32:36,590 --> 00:32:35,340 we are actually going to be able to be 660 00:32:38,840 --> 00:32:36,600 in a position to say something like this 661 00:32:41,960 --> 00:32:38,850 works and this is where we should be 662 00:32:45,020 --> 00:32:41,970 headed the research from the hybrid wing 663 00:32:47,570 --> 00:32:45,030 body aircraft will continue and one day 664 00:32:50,240 --> 00:32:47,580 in the near future we may all see these 665 00:33:09,860 --> 00:32:50,250 types of revolutionary aircraft flying 666 00:33:15,120 --> 00:33:12,720 another concept the ER a team has been 667 00:33:17,700 --> 00:33:15,130 working on called active flow control 668 00:33:20,610 --> 00:33:17,710 enhanced vertical tail flight experiment 669 00:33:23,310 --> 00:33:20,620 has shown much promise as well the ER a 670 00:33:25,590 --> 00:33:23,320 team worked in cooperation with Boeing 671 00:33:27,930 --> 00:33:25,600 to develop a plan to test this 672 00:33:30,990 --> 00:33:27,940 innovative idea in the wind tunnel and 673 00:33:32,730 --> 00:33:31,000 on an actual aircraft in flight before 674 00:33:36,509 --> 00:33:32,740 flight tests were done the team 675 00:33:40,019 --> 00:33:36,519 installed 31 sweeping jet actuators onto 676 00:33:43,080 --> 00:33:40,029 a tail section of a 757 aircraft these 677 00:33:45,629 --> 00:33:43,090 Jets can manipulate on demand the air 678 00:33:48,749 --> 00:33:45,639 that flows over the vertical tail and 679 00:33:50,909 --> 00:33:48,759 rudder surfaces this test is important 680 00:33:53,190 --> 00:33:50,919 because it has the potential to reduce 681 00:33:56,490 --> 00:33:53,200 the weight associated with the tail 682 00:33:58,830 --> 00:33:56,500 section an aircraft's vertical tail is 683 00:34:01,499 --> 00:33:58,840 primarily used to add stability and 684 00:34:03,749 --> 00:34:01,509 directional control during takeoff and 685 00:34:06,629 --> 00:34:03,759 landing especially in the event of an 686 00:34:09,000 --> 00:34:06,639 engine failure but when the aircraft is 687 00:34:12,569 --> 00:34:09,010 cruising at altitude the same large 688 00:34:15,180 --> 00:34:12,579 heavy tail is not necessary Engineers 689 00:34:17,700 --> 00:34:15,190 theorized they could reduce the size of 690 00:34:20,040 --> 00:34:17,710 the vertical tail by using the sweeping 691 00:34:22,559 --> 00:34:20,050 Jets to generate the same side force 692 00:34:24,419 --> 00:34:22,569 during takeoff and landing that would 693 00:34:26,609 --> 00:34:24,429 reduce both the weight and drag of the 694 00:34:29,730 --> 00:34:26,619 airplane and decrease its fuel 695 00:34:31,980 --> 00:34:29,740 consumption in order to test this large 696 00:34:34,980 --> 00:34:31,990 tail section the team had to place it 697 00:34:37,349 --> 00:34:34,990 inside the NASA facility that is home to 698 00:34:40,589 --> 00:34:37,359 the world's largest wind tunnels the 699 00:34:42,730 --> 00:34:40,599 national full-scale aerodynamics complex 700 00:34:46,260 --> 00:34:42,740 or in fact 701 00:34:48,850 --> 00:34:46,270 ground studies by a team of NASA Boeing 702 00:34:52,030 --> 00:34:48,860 University of Arizona and Caltech 703 00:34:54,730 --> 00:34:52,040 researchers on this school scale 757 704 00:34:57,190 --> 00:34:54,740 vertical tail in the in fact did in fact 705 00:35:00,190 --> 00:34:57,200 show that the active flow control jets 706 00:35:03,280 --> 00:35:00,200 could potentially increase side force by 707 00:35:05,560 --> 00:35:03,290 as much as twenty to thirty percent that 708 00:35:08,440 --> 00:35:05,570 loan number of twenty percent increase 709 00:35:11,170 --> 00:35:08,450 in side force could allow designers to 710 00:35:13,870 --> 00:35:11,180 scale down the vertical tail by about 711 00:35:16,420 --> 00:35:13,880 seventeen percent and therefore reduce 712 00:35:18,670 --> 00:35:16,430 fuel usage by as much as one-half 713 00:35:21,730 --> 00:35:18,680 percent but this is not the only 714 00:35:24,070 --> 00:35:21,740 potential benefit in addition to reduced 715 00:35:26,740 --> 00:35:24,080 weight and fuel economy this type of 716 00:35:32,109 --> 00:35:26,750 device could also allow for new aircraft 717 00:35:34,300 --> 00:35:32,119 to use shorter runways here is the man 718 00:35:37,630 --> 00:35:34,310 who is called the father of active flow 719 00:35:41,710 --> 00:35:37,640 control the University of Arizona's Iggy 720 00:35:44,200 --> 00:35:41,720 wig manski we and we can possibly take 721 00:35:51,220 --> 00:35:44,210 off from a football-field-sized with 722 00:35:54,880 --> 00:35:51,230 some sort of a rotor type airplane maybe 723 00:36:00,030 --> 00:35:54,890 partly tiltrotor partly tilt wing and we 724 00:36:03,880 --> 00:36:00,040 can fly possibly a 350 to 400 knots and 725 00:36:05,800 --> 00:36:03,890 do this very efficiently so since most 726 00:36:08,770 --> 00:36:05,810 of our flights are of the order of a 727 00:36:12,400 --> 00:36:08,780 thousand miles if you do it from 728 00:36:15,460 --> 00:36:12,410 downtown to downtown from a parking lot 729 00:36:19,090 --> 00:36:15,470 to another parking lot that's much more 730 00:36:23,170 --> 00:36:19,100 effective than to do it the way we do 731 00:36:27,790 --> 00:36:23,180 today because on the distance let's say 732 00:36:31,480 --> 00:36:27,800 from here to Tucson I spent about two 733 00:36:34,030 --> 00:36:31,490 hours at the airports and this is not 734 00:36:38,290 --> 00:36:34,040 really necessary and there are a lot of 735 00:36:41,680 --> 00:36:38,300 by the way small airport so far runways 736 00:36:44,890 --> 00:36:41,690 that are less than 5,000 feet are in a 737 00:36:47,500 --> 00:36:44,900 lot of city centers or close to citizens 738 00:36:50,770 --> 00:36:47,510 as it can be utilized it can be utilized 739 00:36:53,339 --> 00:36:50,780 effectively so some sort of short take 740 00:36:58,420 --> 00:36:53,349 of airplane 741 00:37:02,230 --> 00:36:58,430 that produced this technology could be 742 00:37:04,900 --> 00:37:02,240 very effective after testing on the tail 743 00:37:07,330 --> 00:37:04,910 was complete at the in fact NASA and 744 00:37:10,420 --> 00:37:07,340 Boeing place the tail on a boeing test 745 00:37:12,760 --> 00:37:10,430 aircraft call the eco demonstrator this 746 00:37:15,730 --> 00:37:12,770 aircraft is unique because it is being 747 00:37:17,500 --> 00:37:15,740 used as a flying testbed to evaluate 748 00:37:20,410 --> 00:37:17,510 different technologies that could 749 00:37:23,410 --> 00:37:20,420 increase efficiency with the active flow 750 00:37:25,510 --> 00:37:23,420 tail attached testing continued back at 751 00:37:28,960 --> 00:37:25,520 boeing field with much of the research 752 00:37:31,240 --> 00:37:28,970 data being validated in flight building 753 00:37:33,070 --> 00:37:31,250 on that 100 year collaboration we've had 754 00:37:34,599 --> 00:37:33,080 between NASA and Boeing the Eco 755 00:37:37,450 --> 00:37:34,609 demonstrator program really is about 756 00:37:39,460 --> 00:37:37,460 continuing that legacy and and and 757 00:37:40,630 --> 00:37:39,470 storing some more action to see that 758 00:37:43,720 --> 00:37:40,640 continued collaboration together 759 00:37:45,870 --> 00:37:43,730 successfully this collaboration and 760 00:37:48,820 --> 00:37:45,880 testing is important not only because 761 00:37:50,859 --> 00:37:48,830 technology must move forward but because 762 00:37:52,990 --> 00:37:50,869 of the significant savings this could 763 00:37:58,570 --> 00:37:53,000 potentially afford aircraft operators 764 00:38:02,170 --> 00:38:00,430 when you think about the worldwide fleet 765 00:38:04,900 --> 00:38:02,180 of airplanes there are about 18,000 766 00:38:06,970 --> 00:38:04,910 airplanes that fly today and its 767 00:38:08,650 --> 00:38:06,980 projected to go to 36,000 airplane to 768 00:38:10,690 --> 00:38:08,660 the next 20 years so you can get a 769 00:38:12,610 --> 00:38:10,700 little bit of improvement on one 770 00:38:15,310 --> 00:38:12,620 airplane and it's multiplied times 771 00:38:16,690 --> 00:38:15,320 36,000 in the next 20 years so it's huge 772 00:38:20,410 --> 00:38:16,700 improvements with regard to reducing 773 00:38:22,780 --> 00:38:20,420 overall fuel burn having a relevant test 774 00:38:25,660 --> 00:38:22,790 bed like Boeing's eco demonstrator is 775 00:38:27,820 --> 00:38:25,670 helping to mature technology concepts 776 00:38:29,860 --> 00:38:27,830 that have been extremely important to 777 00:38:32,830 --> 00:38:29,870 NASA's environmentally responsible 778 00:38:35,290 --> 00:38:32,840 aviation project researchers have been 779 00:38:37,990 --> 00:38:35,300 working hard to develop technologies to 780 00:38:41,470 --> 00:38:38,000 reduce airplane fuel consumption noise 781 00:38:44,020 --> 00:38:41,480 and emissions being able to prove those 782 00:38:45,850 --> 00:38:44,030 concepts in flight tests gives them a 783 00:39:08,600 --> 00:38:45,860 better shot of getting into the 784 00:39:13,920 --> 00:39:11,160 because the Eco demonstrator was 785 00:39:17,160 --> 00:39:13,930 designed to test multiple experiments at 786 00:39:19,590 --> 00:39:17,170 once Boeing and the ER a team also 787 00:39:21,660 --> 00:39:19,600 decided to test special material 788 00:39:23,730 --> 00:39:21,670 coatings on the right wing of this 789 00:39:26,880 --> 00:39:23,740 aircraft that could reduce bug 790 00:39:28,650 --> 00:39:26,890 contamination this test was called the 791 00:39:31,560 --> 00:39:28,660 insect accretion and mitigation 792 00:39:34,050 --> 00:39:31,570 experiment which in layman's terms means 793 00:39:36,570 --> 00:39:34,060 that it is simply an experiment to test 794 00:39:39,600 --> 00:39:36,580 how to keep bug guts from reducing 795 00:39:41,880 --> 00:39:39,610 aircraft efficiency it might seem odd 796 00:39:44,340 --> 00:39:41,890 that NASA would spend its time worrying 797 00:39:46,860 --> 00:39:44,350 about seemingly innocuous bug strikes 798 00:39:49,800 --> 00:39:46,870 but believe it or not these small 799 00:39:53,460 --> 00:39:49,810 creatures can significantly reduce an 800 00:39:56,580 --> 00:39:53,470 aircraft's efficiency in a set of flight 801 00:39:59,040 --> 00:39:56,590 tests near shreveport louisiana the team 802 00:40:01,800 --> 00:39:59,050 assess how well five different coatings 803 00:40:04,230 --> 00:40:01,810 repel insect residue the studies have 804 00:40:07,080 --> 00:40:04,240 shown that keeping the flow smooth or 805 00:40:10,200 --> 00:40:07,090 laminar over a wing can reduce fuel 806 00:40:12,630 --> 00:40:10,210 consumption as much as six percent even 807 00:40:15,120 --> 00:40:12,640 something as small as a bug on a leading 808 00:40:18,570 --> 00:40:15,130 edge can cause turbulent wedges that 809 00:40:21,620 --> 00:40:18,580 interrupt laminar flow that results in 810 00:40:25,020 --> 00:40:21,630 an increase in drag and fuel consumption 811 00:40:27,570 --> 00:40:25,030 engineers at NASA developed and tested a 812 00:40:30,210 --> 00:40:27,580 number of nonstick coatings in a small 813 00:40:32,460 --> 00:40:30,220 wind tunnel back at NASA Langley their 814 00:40:35,160 --> 00:40:32,470 initial findings allowed them to reduce 815 00:40:37,950 --> 00:40:35,170 the number of material from about 20 816 00:40:40,440 --> 00:40:37,960 test samples down to five with these 817 00:40:42,930 --> 00:40:40,450 five best candidates in hand the team 818 00:40:45,270 --> 00:40:42,940 was now ready to place the samples on 819 00:40:47,350 --> 00:40:45,280 the right wing of the Eco demonstrator 820 00:40:50,260 --> 00:40:47,360 for flight validation 821 00:40:52,570 --> 00:40:50,270 the next step was to find the best bug 822 00:40:55,120 --> 00:40:52,580 infested area in which to flight tests 823 00:40:58,780 --> 00:40:55,130 the surfaces after narrowing the list of 824 00:41:01,780 --> 00:40:58,790 90 airports 26 Shreveport Louisiana was 825 00:41:04,900 --> 00:41:01,790 chosen due to its temperature geology 826 00:41:08,680 --> 00:41:04,910 runway size and potential for large 827 00:41:11,440 --> 00:41:08,690 numbers of bugs during 15 planned 828 00:41:13,480 --> 00:41:11,450 flights researchers installed sections 829 00:41:17,620 --> 00:41:13,490 of coatings on to the leading edge slats 830 00:41:19,960 --> 00:41:17,630 of the Eco demonstrator 757 first they 831 00:41:22,720 --> 00:41:19,970 established a baseline using uncoated 832 00:41:25,390 --> 00:41:22,730 surfaces to capture insect accumulation 833 00:41:27,760 --> 00:41:25,400 rates then they remove those sections 834 00:41:30,280 --> 00:41:27,770 and installed samples of the five 835 00:41:32,860 --> 00:41:30,290 treated panels one of the things 836 00:41:35,830 --> 00:41:32,870 engineers were to test is how durable 837 00:41:37,990 --> 00:41:35,840 the coatings are treated surfaces will 838 00:41:40,360 --> 00:41:38,000 only be effective as drag reducers if 839 00:41:43,200 --> 00:41:40,370 they can withstand the harsh flying 840 00:41:46,060 --> 00:41:43,210 environment so what we're doing here is 841 00:41:47,650 --> 00:41:46,070 testing some of the coatings that we 842 00:41:52,180 --> 00:41:47,660 develop to prevent bugs from sticky 843 00:41:54,670 --> 00:41:52,190 craft wings this has been about a five 844 00:41:57,220 --> 00:41:54,680 year effort and we started in the lab 845 00:41:59,200 --> 00:41:57,230 knowing that the problem is that if bugs 846 00:42:02,020 --> 00:41:59,210 stick to aircraft wings you affect the 847 00:42:04,900 --> 00:42:02,030 laminar flow and therefore fuel 848 00:42:07,570 --> 00:42:04,910 efficiency so we've taken samples you 849 00:42:10,540 --> 00:42:07,580 know designs of material coatings from 850 00:42:11,980 --> 00:42:10,550 the lab to wind tunnel tests and we 851 00:42:14,230 --> 00:42:11,990 finally have the big test which is 852 00:42:15,549 --> 00:42:14,240 testing it on an actual aircraft and so 853 00:42:18,219 --> 00:42:15,559 that's what we are here to 854 00:42:21,209 --> 00:42:18,229 what we do is we mount our samples onto 855 00:42:24,880 --> 00:42:21,219 the wing of one side of the aircraft and 856 00:42:27,429 --> 00:42:24,890 we designed the test so that half of the 857 00:42:29,620 --> 00:42:27,439 panels are untreated that are mounted 858 00:42:33,759 --> 00:42:29,630 and half of them have the surfaces that 859 00:42:36,489 --> 00:42:33,769 we are flying and so what we do is have 860 00:42:38,920 --> 00:42:36,499 several takeoffs and landings because 861 00:42:41,170 --> 00:42:38,930 those sort of parts of the flight 862 00:42:45,849 --> 00:42:41,180 profile where you actually accumulate 863 00:42:49,299 --> 00:42:45,859 bugs and so what we want to do is test 864 00:42:50,829 --> 00:42:49,309 to see if the coatings that we developed 865 00:42:53,229 --> 00:42:50,839 actually reduce the number of bug 866 00:42:54,789 --> 00:42:53,239 strikes that you get and we that's why 867 00:42:56,769 --> 00:42:54,799 we fly together with the untreated 868 00:42:59,799 --> 00:42:56,779 coatings and the reason we're interested 869 00:43:03,069 --> 00:42:59,809 in that is because aircraft is designed 870 00:43:05,529 --> 00:43:03,079 for crews but in order to get the crews 871 00:43:07,900 --> 00:43:05,539 you gotta pass by takeoff and landing 872 00:43:10,059 --> 00:43:07,910 which is when the bugs are going to 873 00:43:12,779 --> 00:43:10,069 accumulate and so you basically negate 874 00:43:16,239 --> 00:43:12,789 the effect of designing the aircraft to 875 00:43:18,309 --> 00:43:16,249 benefit from being in cruise because you 876 00:43:20,319 --> 00:43:18,319 already have the bugs by the time you 877 00:43:22,749 --> 00:43:20,329 get to clean that's why we have to do a 878 00:43:24,459 --> 00:43:22,759 lot of takeoffs and landings because 879 00:43:27,189 --> 00:43:24,469 those are the parts of the flight were 880 00:43:28,959 --> 00:43:27,199 but we actually have the problem what we 881 00:43:30,669 --> 00:43:28,969 hope to accomplish is that the flight 882 00:43:34,719 --> 00:43:30,679 test confirms what we actually saw in 883 00:43:38,859 --> 00:43:34,729 the lab right so we tested over 200 884 00:43:40,749 --> 00:43:38,869 different compositions in the lab in a 885 00:43:42,779 --> 00:43:40,759 small-scale bug gun in the wind tunnel 886 00:43:45,789 --> 00:43:42,789 and actually even in the small aircraft 887 00:43:47,679 --> 00:43:45,799 we've down selected 25 compositions if 888 00:43:50,349 --> 00:43:47,689 any one of those or at least one of 889 00:43:52,359 --> 00:43:50,359 those actually works in practical 890 00:43:54,640 --> 00:43:52,369 application on the aircraft which means 891 00:43:56,739 --> 00:43:54,650 that we've reduced significantly reduce 892 00:43:59,279 --> 00:43:56,749 the number of bugs sticking to the 893 00:44:02,289 --> 00:43:59,289 surface and where they stick is not a 894 00:44:04,870 --> 00:44:02,299 critical location the trip the flow then 895 00:44:07,059 --> 00:44:04,880 it would be a success right this is 896 00:44:08,769 --> 00:44:07,069 actually a long-standing problem we've 897 00:44:09,240 --> 00:44:08,779 seen literature all the way back to the 898 00:44:11,610 --> 00:44:09,250 50 899 00:44:15,600 --> 00:44:11,620 he's trying to solve this problem and so 900 00:44:18,210 --> 00:44:15,610 if we're able to have a solution based 901 00:44:19,890 --> 00:44:18,220 on current understanding of what makes 902 00:44:23,430 --> 00:44:19,900 things stick and not stick they'll be 903 00:44:26,370 --> 00:44:23,440 that the huge success testing also 904 00:44:29,490 --> 00:44:26,380 continues on this unique application and 905 00:44:31,590 --> 00:44:29,500 early results have shown that the ideas 906 00:44:34,410 --> 00:44:31,600 that have been generated may possibly 907 00:44:37,650 --> 00:44:34,420 work to reduce bug strikes on future 908 00:45:05,300 --> 00:44:37,660 aircraft these are just a few of the 909 00:45:05,310 --> 00:45:24,830 you 910 00:45:31,110 --> 00:45:28,170 hi I'm Jim Green director of planetary 911 00:45:33,000 --> 00:45:31,120 science at NASA you know NASA works with 912 00:45:36,210 --> 00:45:33,010 the international science community to 913 00:45:38,400 --> 00:45:36,220 explore our solar system and beyond we 914 00:45:40,650 --> 00:45:38,410 look to unravel the mysteries that 915 00:45:43,260 --> 00:45:40,660 intrigued us all as we explore and 916 00:45:45,600 --> 00:45:43,270 answer the big questions questions like 917 00:45:49,080 --> 00:45:45,610 how did the earth originated and change 918 00:45:51,780 --> 00:45:49,090 over time how did the solar system begin 919 00:45:54,900 --> 00:45:51,790 and evolve and what will be its destiny 920 00:45:56,700 --> 00:45:54,910 what will be our destiny last July 921 00:46:00,390 --> 00:45:56,710 fourteenth NASA's new Horizons 922 00:46:02,400 --> 00:46:00,400 spacecraft flew past Pluto capping a 923 00:46:06,150 --> 00:46:02,410 half-century of exploration of our solar 924 00:46:08,760 --> 00:46:06,160 system it piqued our interest about what 925 00:46:11,130 --> 00:46:08,770 lies beyond Pluto and what can we learn 926 00:46:15,000 --> 00:46:11,140 about ourselves in the origins of our 927 00:46:17,340 --> 00:46:15,010 solar system the idea of a new planet is 928 00:46:19,770 --> 00:46:17,350 certainly an exciting one for me as a 929 00:46:23,460 --> 00:46:19,780 planetary scientist and I think for all 930 00:46:25,620 --> 00:46:23,470 of us the january twentieth paper in the 931 00:46:28,190 --> 00:46:25,630 astronomical journal is fueling our 932 00:46:31,530 --> 00:46:28,200 interest in planetary exploration and 933 00:46:34,560 --> 00:46:31,540 stimulating a healthy debate that's part 934 00:46:37,410 --> 00:46:34,570 of the scientific process I couldn't be 935 00:46:39,480 --> 00:46:37,420 more pleased about what's happening you 936 00:46:43,040 --> 00:46:39,490 know it's all about starting the process 937 00:46:46,710 --> 00:46:43,050 that could lead to an exciting result it 938 00:46:49,290 --> 00:46:46,720 is not however the detection of a new 939 00:46:51,480 --> 00:46:49,300 planet it's too early to say with 940 00:46:54,780 --> 00:46:51,490 certainty that there's a so called 941 00:46:57,480 --> 00:46:54,790 Planet X out there what we're really 942 00:46:59,720 --> 00:46:57,490 seeing is an early prediction based on 943 00:47:02,880 --> 00:46:59,730 modeling from limited observations 944 00:47:05,850 --> 00:47:02,890 what's exciting is that black NASA's 945 00:47:08,880 --> 00:47:05,860 journey to Mars or New Horizons flyby of 946 00:47:12,260 --> 00:47:08,890 Pluto you will have a front-row seat to 947 00:47:14,940 --> 00:47:12,270 see how the scientific process unfolds 948 00:47:18,540 --> 00:47:14,950 theories like this serve to stimulate 949 00:47:21,870 --> 00:47:18,550 ideas and conversation they tap into our 950 00:47:26,610 --> 00:47:21,880 innate curiosity it's important for us 951 00:47:29,019 --> 00:47:26,620 to continue to work and we will anytime 952 00:47:31,749 --> 00:47:29,029 we have an interesting idea like 953 00:47:34,829 --> 00:47:31,759 this we always apply Carl Sagan's rules 954 00:47:37,620 --> 00:47:34,839 for critical thinking which include 955 00:47:40,799 --> 00:47:37,630 independent confirmation of the fax 956 00:47:44,979 --> 00:47:40,809 looking for alternate explanations and 957 00:47:48,579 --> 00:47:44,989 encouraging scientific debate if Planet 958 00:47:51,519 --> 00:47:48,589 X is out there we'll find it together or 959 00:47:55,689 --> 00:47:51,529 we'll determine an alternate explanation 960 00:48:29,829 --> 00:47:55,699 for the data that we've so far now let's 961 00:48:32,649 --> 00:48:29,839 go explore samos mrt fisicamente no no 962 00:48:41,849 --> 00:48:32,659 Lola pero si tenemos robust an en marte 963 00:49:16,190 --> 00:48:47,349 aqui mismo en nasa TV lola yo y lola 964 00:49:22,730 --> 00:49:19,630 and determination of men and women 965 00:49:24,920 --> 00:49:22,740 around this nation a journey that set 966 00:49:26,960 --> 00:49:24,930 course from Florida's Space Coast a 967 00:49:32,180 --> 00:49:26,970 journey of real innovators from 968 00:50:54,589 --> 00:49:34,560 hi I'm Neil deGrasse Tyson and you're 969 00:51:01,190 --> 00:50:58,069 this is Mission Control Houston 14 hours 970 00:51:03,259 --> 00:51:01,200 and 58 minutes into the 47th expedition 971 00:51:05,479 --> 00:51:03,269 to the International Space Station new 972 00:51:07,999 --> 00:51:05,489 expedition extending the world's work in 973 00:51:10,339 --> 00:51:08,009 space is underway as the on-orbit 974 00:51:12,769 --> 00:51:10,349 portion of the one-year mission goes 975 00:51:14,870 --> 00:51:12,779 into the record books right now the 976 00:51:18,829 --> 00:51:14,880 International Space Station is flying in 977 00:51:21,440 --> 00:51:18,839 good shape and orbital darkness but 249 978 00:51:24,140 --> 00:51:21,450 miles above the Tasman Sea east of 979 00:51:26,509 --> 00:51:24,150 Sydney Australia it's currently headed 980 00:51:29,779 --> 00:51:26,519 to the northeast for transit across the 981 00:51:32,059 --> 00:51:29,789 Pacific Ocean and should be west of the 982 00:51:35,420 --> 00:51:32,069 coast of Oregon about half an hour from 983 00:51:37,969 --> 00:51:35,430 right now on board the space station the 984 00:51:41,269 --> 00:51:37,979 three crew members are all either off 985 00:51:43,759 --> 00:51:41,279 duty or still asleep they are shifting 986 00:51:46,640 --> 00:51:43,769 their wake sleep cycle back to normal 987 00:51:49,609 --> 00:51:46,650 following the Soyuz undocking operations 988 00:51:51,739 --> 00:51:49,619 that took place on Tuesday the next wake 989 00:51:53,390 --> 00:51:51,749 up alarm it's not actually set to go off 990 00:51:56,870 --> 00:51:53,400 on board the space station until 991 00:52:00,410 --> 00:51:56,880 Thursday morning midnight Houston time 992 00:52:02,839 --> 00:52:00,420 today is the 79th day in space for the 993 00:52:05,299 --> 00:52:02,849 expedition forty seven crew members nasa 994 00:52:07,489 --> 00:52:05,309 astronaut tim kopra now the commander of 995 00:52:09,620 --> 00:52:07,499 the space station joined by flight 996 00:52:12,289 --> 00:52:09,630 engineers a yuri malenchenko of ros 997 00:52:15,170 --> 00:52:12,299 cosmos and tim peake of the european 998 00:52:16,370 --> 00:52:15,180 space agency they've been in space since 999 00:52:18,999 --> 00:52:16,380 their launch from the Baikonur 1000 00:52:23,120 --> 00:52:19,009 cosmodrome on back on December 15th 1001 00:52:28,370 --> 00:52:23,130 expedition 47 will extend into early 1002 00:52:30,680 --> 00:52:28,380 June right now the International Space 1003 00:52:33,440 --> 00:52:30,690 Station flight control room is the home 1004 00:52:36,039 --> 00:52:33,450 for operations of the orbit 2 team of 1005 00:52:38,120 --> 00:52:36,049 flight controllers a team that is 1006 00:52:40,729 --> 00:52:38,130 standing by keeping track of the 1007 00:52:42,499 --> 00:52:40,739 operation of stations systems and will 1008 00:52:45,039 --> 00:52:42,509 be ready to work with the crew members 1009 00:52:47,900 --> 00:52:45,049 if anything comes up for them today 1010 00:52:50,779 --> 00:52:47,910 flight director Zeb Scoville is in 1011 00:52:53,479 --> 00:52:50,789 charge of the team today no spacecraft 1012 00:52:56,630 --> 00:52:53,489 communicator is currently at the console 1013 00:53:01,190 --> 00:52:56,640 since the crew members are technically 1014 00:53:04,609 --> 00:53:01,200 are asleep it has been a quiet day in 1015 00:53:05,809 --> 00:53:04,619 flight control room 1 today after a very 1016 00:53:08,449 --> 00:53:05,819 busy day and 1017 00:53:11,539 --> 00:53:08,459 evening yesterday that saw the end of 1018 00:53:13,430 --> 00:53:11,549 expedition 46 the safe landing of the 1019 00:53:16,579 --> 00:53:13,440 Soyuz spacecraft with three crew members 1020 00:53:20,269 --> 00:53:16,589 on board and the final hours on orbit of 1021 00:53:22,910 --> 00:53:20,279 a 340 day flight by nasa astronaut scott 1022 00:53:25,459 --> 00:53:22,920 kelly and Roscosmos cosmonaut mikhail 1023 00:53:27,859 --> 00:53:25,469 kornienko it's the longest flight ever 1024 00:53:30,259 --> 00:53:27,869 by crew members on the International 1025 00:53:43,920 --> 00:53:30,269 Space Station we pick up the story on 1026 00:53:48,930 --> 00:53:46,800 and some quick words from the soyuz 1027 00:53:50,970 --> 00:53:48,940 commander Sergei Volkov who's bringing 1028 00:53:52,800 --> 00:53:50,980 the 21 year crewmembers home first and 1029 00:53:55,050 --> 00:53:52,810 then you're a Melungeon code there on 1030 00:53:57,690 --> 00:53:55,060 the left just also offering his 1031 00:53:59,550 --> 00:53:57,700 congratulations in his thanks to the 1032 00:54:01,650 --> 00:53:59,560 three getting ready to depart the 1033 00:54:05,820 --> 00:54:01,660 International Space Station again Scott 1034 00:54:08,310 --> 00:54:05,830 Kelly Mikhail Kornienko wrapping up 340 1035 00:54:11,160 --> 00:54:08,320 days onboard the orbiting laboratory for 1036 00:54:13,650 --> 00:54:11,170 Sergei Volkov 181 he's going to be 1037 00:54:15,630 --> 00:54:13,660 commanding the Soyuz craft through 1038 00:54:19,410 --> 00:54:15,640 tonight's activities and the descent 1039 00:54:21,330 --> 00:54:19,420 back down to earth but I definitely a 1040 00:54:23,310 --> 00:54:21,340 pretty significant moment for the 1041 00:54:24,240 --> 00:54:23,320 departing year-long crew members who 1042 00:54:27,090 --> 00:54:24,250 have been on board the International 1043 00:54:30,480 --> 00:54:27,100 Space Station since March 27th of last 1044 00:54:31,860 --> 00:54:30,490 year so obviously very big steps for 1045 00:54:35,190 --> 00:54:31,870 them to now depart what's been their 1046 00:54:37,650 --> 00:54:35,200 home for the last roughly 12 months and 1047 00:54:40,410 --> 00:54:37,660 I get ready to make their way back down 1048 00:54:59,420 --> 00:54:40,420 to earth its gravity their families and 1049 00:55:06,380 --> 00:55:02,569 sergey volkov doing one final wipe down 1050 00:55:40,870 --> 00:55:06,390 of the sealing ring around the soyuz 1051 00:55:50,749 --> 00:55:46,099 to do with you to 40 60 and undocking 1052 00:55:54,890 --> 00:55:50,759 has occurred 702 p.m. central time say 1053 00:55:57,079 --> 00:55:54,900 80 2 p.m. eastern time while the station 1054 00:56:03,170 --> 00:55:57,089 is flying just over the eastern part of 1055 00:56:05,120 --> 00:56:03,180 Mongolia so so use tm2f and I'm the 1056 00:56:07,759 --> 00:56:05,130 International Space Station the 1057 00:56:15,459 --> 00:56:07,769 California coast kelly sergei volkov on 1058 00:56:17,420 --> 00:56:15,469 their way home c7 is illuminated copy 1059 00:56:18,979 --> 00:56:17,430 quarterly the visiting vehicle officer 1060 00:56:21,439 --> 00:56:18,989 here in Houston getting confirmation 1061 00:56:24,410 --> 00:56:21,449 everything went well with that second 1062 00:56:26,630 --> 00:56:24,420 separation burn soyuz tma etm with a 1063 00:56:28,759 --> 00:56:26,640 one-year crew on board now departing the 1064 00:56:31,519 --> 00:56:28,769 area of the International Space Station 1065 00:56:34,309 --> 00:56:31,529 ok ok you can see the orbiting 1066 00:56:36,920 --> 00:56:34,319 laboratory in full view from the camera 1067 00:56:38,809 --> 00:56:36,930 on board the Soyuz craft which again 1068 00:56:40,640 --> 00:56:38,819 undock from the space facing side so 1069 00:56:45,439 --> 00:56:40,650 getting a great look straight down at 1070 00:56:48,829 --> 00:56:45,449 the station in the earth below both 1071 00:56:52,209 --> 00:56:48,839 spacecraft right now just over the very 1072 00:56:57,529 --> 00:56:52,219 far eastern part of Russia about the 1073 00:57:02,070 --> 00:56:57,539 well north of the Sea of Japan s 18 is 1074 00:57:08,920 --> 00:57:06,100 and this was what we were waiting for we 1075 00:57:12,010 --> 00:57:08,930 actually have replays now of the Soyuz 1076 00:57:14,650 --> 00:57:12,020 spacecraft as it was under parachute 1077 00:57:16,810 --> 00:57:14,660 these this view coming from one of the 1078 00:57:18,880 --> 00:57:16,820 Russian mi-8 helicopters which was 1079 00:57:21,070 --> 00:57:18,890 circling the landing zone waiting for 1080 00:57:23,859 --> 00:57:21,080 the Soyuz craft to descend and here you 1081 00:57:26,710 --> 00:57:23,869 can see it this a replay from just under 1082 00:57:29,109 --> 00:57:26,720 an hour ago as the Soyuz spacecraft was 1083 00:57:31,090 --> 00:57:29,119 descending under parachute you can see 1084 00:57:34,030 --> 00:57:31,100 the thick cloud cover in the overcast 1085 00:57:36,580 --> 00:57:34,040 sky but a beautiful light the Soyuz 1086 00:57:42,190 --> 00:57:36,590 landing just a few hours after sunrise 1087 00:57:44,200 --> 00:57:42,200 in Kazakhstan this again a recorded view 1088 00:58:01,070 --> 00:57:44,210 from one of the Russian search and 1089 00:58:06,890 --> 00:58:04,400 and so at this stage the Soyuz capsule 1090 00:58:09,350 --> 00:58:06,900 was well under its main parachute a 1091 00:58:11,480 --> 00:58:09,360 massive parachute designed to slow the 1092 00:58:14,810 --> 00:58:11,490 Soyuz down from the descent rate of 80 1093 00:58:17,690 --> 00:58:14,820 meters per second to just 7.2 the 1094 00:58:21,770 --> 00:58:17,700 parachutes being initially opened at an 1095 00:58:24,130 --> 00:58:21,780 altitude of about 6.6 miles you can see 1096 00:58:26,450 --> 00:58:24,140 the capsule descends upright 1097 00:58:28,250 --> 00:58:26,460 occasionally we'll land and roll over on 1098 00:58:31,250 --> 00:58:28,260 its side but in this case the capsule 1099 00:58:36,770 --> 00:58:31,260 landed upright so made things easy for 1100 00:58:43,250 --> 00:58:38,840 and then they're helping them down this 1101 00:58:46,070 --> 00:58:43,260 little slide a ladder if you will he'll 1102 00:58:48,260 --> 00:58:46,080 be carried into the center seat of the 1103 00:58:50,390 --> 00:58:48,270 three comfortable chairs that are set up 1104 00:58:58,290 --> 00:58:50,400 in front of the cameras you'll be 1105 00:59:03,430 --> 00:59:01,630 and the recovery person held now 1106 00:59:05,560 --> 00:59:03,440 bringing sergei volkov to the center 1107 00:59:08,440 --> 00:59:05,570 seat as you know he was launched back in 1108 00:59:11,650 --> 00:59:08,450 September with a visiting crew cause a 1109 00:59:13,720 --> 00:59:11,660 cosmonaut and a Danish astronaut who 1110 00:59:15,550 --> 00:59:13,730 spent a short time aboard the 1111 00:59:23,850 --> 00:59:15,560 International Space Station please don't 1112 00:59:27,300 --> 00:59:23,860 stand in front of the camera scott kelly 1113 00:59:32,410 --> 00:59:27,310 scott kelly back on mother earth after 1114 00:59:35,470 --> 00:59:32,420 340 days in space dance thumbs up we got 1115 00:59:37,360 --> 00:59:35,480 a great view of him now the folks here 1116 00:59:40,630 --> 00:59:37,370 in Mission Control Houston letting out a 1117 00:59:43,590 --> 00:59:40,640 very big cheer Scott Kelly as you just 1118 00:59:46,750 --> 00:59:43,600 said returned after 340 days in space 1119 00:59:48,790 --> 00:59:46,760 NASA's one year crewmember conducted a 1120 00:59:51,310 --> 00:59:48,800 lot of very important research back down 1121 00:59:53,080 --> 00:59:51,320 on mother earth back down in Kazakhstan 1122 01:00:01,180 --> 00:59:53,090 where he launched from just about 12 1123 01:00:03,790 --> 01:00:01,190 months ago over here please and we're 1124 01:00:05,680 --> 01:00:03,800 seeing a big smile from scott kelly 1125 01:00:08,350 --> 01:00:05,690 there you can see just to his right 1126 01:00:11,980 --> 01:00:08,360 Steve Gilmore Scott's prime flight 1127 01:00:14,500 --> 01:00:11,990 surgeon for his urine space no stranger 1128 01:00:17,050 --> 01:00:14,510 to cold landings in Kazakhstan this is 1129 01:00:21,880 --> 01:00:17,060 his fourth mission as second landing in 1130 01:00:25,240 --> 01:00:21,890 osoyoos 520 total days in space across 1131 01:00:29,500 --> 01:00:25,250 his spaceflight career 340 days in this 1132 01:00:31,780 --> 01:00:29,510 historic here in space and then Scott 1133 01:00:33,730 --> 01:00:31,790 just looked at us and said the air feels 1134 01:00:38,170 --> 01:00:33,740 great out here I have no idea what you 1135 01:00:42,650 --> 01:00:40,820 with temperatures hovering right around 1136 01:00:44,750 --> 01:00:42,660 freezing I imagined you guys are 1137 01:00:47,090 --> 01:00:44,760 thankful for your jackets but for 1138 01:00:48,830 --> 01:00:47,100 somebody who hasn't had the breeze on 1139 01:00:52,570 --> 01:00:48,840 his face for almost a year I bet it 1140 01:00:58,220 --> 01:00:55,640 and back over at the capsule we can see 1141 01:01:00,380 --> 01:00:58,230 me Kyle Kornienko the other one year 1142 01:01:03,170 --> 01:01:00,390 crew member outside the capsule getting 1143 01:01:12,350 --> 01:01:03,180 ready to get carried over as well you 1144 01:01:15,080 --> 01:01:12,360 aren't for Mission Control and Dan Kelly 1145 01:01:18,230 --> 01:01:15,090 absolutely relishing the fresh air out 1146 01:01:21,860 --> 01:01:18,240 here in the mid morning hours here in 1147 01:01:23,690 --> 01:01:21,870 southern steppe of Kazakhstan breathing 1148 01:01:29,480 --> 01:01:23,700 deeply enjoying every second of his 1149 01:01:31,610 --> 01:01:29,490 return to work and we just saw Mikhail 1150 01:01:33,470 --> 01:01:31,620 Kornienko go down the slide he's getting 1151 01:01:36,470 --> 01:01:33,480 carried over so he'll be joining you 1152 01:01:39,140 --> 01:01:36,480 shortly as well so without all three 1153 01:01:41,960 --> 01:01:39,150 crew members out of the Soyuz capsule 1154 01:01:45,880 --> 01:01:41,970 safely down there on the step and 1155 01:01:51,080 --> 01:01:45,890 Kazakhstan your mission guys I'm fine 1156 01:01:54,270 --> 01:01:51,090 how'd you do it yeah the deal didn't old 1157 01:02:00,760 --> 01:01:57,760 waku movie and then the very Swift work 1158 01:02:04,120 --> 01:02:00,770 made by the energy of folks sergei 1159 01:02:06,490 --> 01:02:04,130 volkov just a few feet away from me his 1160 01:02:09,580 --> 01:02:06,500 father is kneeling down right next to 1161 01:02:13,000 --> 01:02:09,590 him what a picture that is father and 1162 01:02:16,060 --> 01:02:13,010 son cosmonaut heritage that has been 1163 01:02:17,740 --> 01:02:16,070 several decades of Russian space history 1164 01:02:23,320 --> 01:02:17,750 everything as we taught as we were 1165 01:02:25,960 --> 01:02:23,330 taught and we just had a great view of 1166 01:02:30,010 --> 01:02:25,970 that saw Scott Kelly with a satellite 1167 01:02:32,920 --> 01:02:30,020 phone in his hand assuming making that 1168 01:02:35,650 --> 01:02:32,930 call to friends and family eagerly 1169 01:02:41,650 --> 01:02:35,660 awaiting his return here to Houston just 1170 01:02:43,240 --> 01:02:41,660 about 24 hours away or so from now a lot 1171 01:02:47,080 --> 01:02:43,250 of smiles from all three crew members 1172 01:02:49,930 --> 01:02:47,090 now safely out of that Soyuz vehicle oh 1173 01:02:54,460 --> 01:02:49,940 you see just let me go to sauna down 1174 01:02:58,060 --> 01:02:54,470 here yeah then I can fly again Alexander 1175 01:03:06,710 --> 01:02:58,070 hello twice he would review they please 1176 01:03:12,570 --> 01:03:11,310 yeah right now we're looking at Mikhail 1177 01:03:16,320 --> 01:03:12,580 Kornienko and the other crew members 1178 01:03:18,150 --> 01:03:16,330 where you can see the various flight 1179 01:03:19,950 --> 01:03:18,160 surgeons and nurses out there with the 1180 01:03:21,480 --> 01:03:19,960 search and recovery forces of fixing the 1181 01:03:23,430 --> 01:03:21,490 number of devices just to get those 1182 01:04:18,829 --> 01:03:23,440 initial medical readings from the crew 1183 01:04:24,630 --> 01:04:21,749 chairman of the state condition the 1184 01:04:27,229 --> 01:04:24,640 Soyuz crew is here the flight program 1185 01:05:06,490 --> 01:04:27,239 has been fully executed glad to report 1186 01:05:06,500 --> 01:06:07,020 welcome home 1187 01:06:14,170 --> 01:06:10,480 those last scenes we saw Sergei Volkov 1188 01:06:18,339 --> 01:06:14,180 and Mikhail Kornienko returning to the 1189 01:06:20,740 --> 01:06:18,349 airfield in Star City getting back to to 1190 01:06:24,339 --> 01:06:20,750 their home being greeted by many fellow 1191 01:06:27,339 --> 01:06:24,349 cosmonauts their family Scott Kelly is 1192 01:06:29,760 --> 01:06:27,349 an route home to he is on the NASA 1193 01:06:32,530 --> 01:06:29,770 aircraft and route back to Houston and 1194 01:06:34,300 --> 01:06:32,540 currently expected to land at ellington 1195 01:06:37,510 --> 01:06:34,310 airport near the Johnson Space Center 1196 01:06:40,300 --> 01:06:37,520 about nine-thirty central time tonight 1197 01:06:42,849 --> 01:06:40,310 the nasa TV coverage will provide live 1198 01:06:45,609 --> 01:06:42,859 coverage of scott Kelly's home coming 1199 01:06:47,829 --> 01:06:45,619 into houston tonight we expect to go on 1200 01:06:51,010 --> 01:06:47,839 the air about nine-fifteen central time 1201 01:06:53,829 --> 01:06:51,020 this evening we also have two news 1202 01:06:57,040 --> 01:06:53,839 briefings scheduled for friday afternoon 1203 01:06:59,109 --> 01:06:57,050 at noon central time on friday we'll 1204 01:07:01,390 --> 01:06:59,119 have a discussion of the science of the 1205 01:07:03,730 --> 01:07:01,400 one-year mission and the twins study 1206 01:07:06,520 --> 01:07:03,740 with space station program chief 1207 01:07:09,150 --> 01:07:06,530 scientist Julie Robinson human research 1208 01:07:11,740 --> 01:07:09,160 program chief scientist John Charles and 1209 01:07:13,839 --> 01:07:11,750 former astronaut Mark Kelly Scott 1210 01:07:16,839 --> 01:07:13,849 Kelley's brother who participated in the 1211 01:07:19,150 --> 01:07:16,849 twins study at a one o'clock on Friday 1212 01:07:20,950 --> 01:07:19,160 Scott Kelly will be on hand to talk 1213 01:07:31,140 --> 01:07:20,960 about his mission and to answer 1214 01:07:36,000 --> 01:07:33,690 how much of the research is conducted 1215 01:07:38,850 --> 01:07:36,010 for the one-year mission of scott kelly 1216 01:07:41,460 --> 01:07:38,860 and mikhail kornienko focuses on how the 1217 01:07:43,680 --> 01:07:41,470 human body reacts to being in the 1218 01:07:46,140 --> 01:07:43,690 microgravity environment of space over 1219 01:07:48,090 --> 01:07:46,150 an extended period of time over the next 1220 01:07:49,380 --> 01:07:48,100 few weeks space station live will 1221 01:07:51,720 --> 01:07:49,390 highlight several of those 1222 01:07:53,460 --> 01:07:51,730 investigations my colleague Lori Meggs 1223 01:07:55,620 --> 01:07:53,470 is at the payload operations integration 1224 01:07:57,810 --> 01:07:55,630 Center at NASA's Marshall Space Flight 1225 01:08:02,760 --> 01:07:57,820 Center in Huntsville Alabama with more 1226 01:08:04,950 --> 01:08:02,770 more Lori good morning Scott Kelly may 1227 01:08:07,620 --> 01:08:04,960 be back on earth but when it comes to